Abstract

A novel 7Li quantitative NMR (qNMR) method to analyze lithium was developed to determine the lithium content in real brine samples using benchtop NMR instruments. The method was validated, and limits of detection and quantification of 40 and 100 ppm, respectively, were determined. Linearity, precision, and bias were also experimentally determined, and the results are presented herein. The results were compared to those obtained using atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy, currently one of the few validated methods for the quantification of lithium. The method provides both accurate and precise results, as well as excellent correlation with AA. The absence of matrix effects, combined with no need for sample preparation or deuterated solvents, shows potential applicability in the mining industry.

Highlights

  • Lithium is used in many industrial manufacturing processes such as glass, ceramics, lubricating grease, and pharmaceuticals.[1,2,3,4] its importance in the last two decades has increased due in part to the superior performance of lithium-ion batteries,[5,6,7] which are widely used in a variety of electronic devices, such as notebooks, cellphones, cameras, etc.[8]

  • We present our findings in the direct quantification of lithium without any additional sample preparation, dilution, or need for deuterated solvents

  • The 7Li Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal is in a dynamic exchange regime that is fast on the NMR timescale, yielding a single resonance

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Summary

Introduction

Lithium is used in many industrial manufacturing processes such as glass, ceramics, lubricating grease, and pharmaceuticals.[1,2,3,4] its importance in the last two decades has increased due in part to the superior performance of lithium-ion batteries,[5,6,7] which are widely used in a variety of electronic devices, such as notebooks, cellphones, cameras, etc.[8] The rising demand for electric vehicles is projected to significantly increase the need for lithium in the coming years.[9,10] This demand is expected to grow up to 900 ktons per year by 2025, which is approximately three times higher than in 2018.7. Both methods require significant sample manipulation and are prone to interference caused by Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become one of the most valuable tools a chemist has, partly due to its extraordinary ability for structural elucidation.[20,21,22,23,24]

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