Lithic Studies: Some Theoretical Considerations

Abstract

AbstractIn this paper it is argued that there is an implicit definition of lithic studies as the study only of flaked chert and obsidian artifacts belonging to hunter-gatherer or early agricultural societies. This definition reflects the sorts of questions asked by most archaeologists: questions formulated to make use of the principal components of the archaeological record. A unified field of lithic studies, however, may be expanded to include the entire range of techniques and processes used to transform lithic raw materials (of whatever kind) into finished artifacts and features. Such an expansion is necessary if questions are to be directed towards understanding social and economic processes in complex as well as simpler societies. The list of lithic resources includes every raw material utilized in antiquity (silicates; igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks; gem-stones; minerals; metals and metalliferous rocks). An outline of the techniques and processes included as part of lithic studies may c...