Lithiation Behavior of Individual Carbon-Coated Fe3O4 Nanowire Observed by in Situ TEM

Abstract

Fe3O4 nanowires, as a typical transition-metal oxide (TMO), are being considered as promising anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to their 1D structure and high specific capacity. However, their underlying mechanism and electrochemical behaviors are still poorly understood. Here, the dynamic behavior and the electrochemical reaction of the carbon-coated Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@C) nanowire have been investigated directly through assembling a nanoscale LIBs inside transmission electron microscope (TEM). The in situ TEM results reveal that the Fe3O4 nanowires undergo cracking and fracturing upon the first lithiation, but the carbon coatings still embrace the oxide cores well after lithiation and play a role in maintaining the mechanical and electrical integrity. Meanwhile the lithiation process involves the conversion of Fe3O4 nanowires to Fe nanograins and the formation of Li2O along the lithium ions diffusion direction. The delithiated product is FeO rather than the original phase of Fe3O4 after the first del...