Literature survey of transient dynamic response tyre models

Abstract

This paper presents a literature review of simulation models that focus on transient dynamic tyre response. Such response largely arises from road roughness, tyre/wheel assembly nonuniformities, and different contact interfaces, and it is directly related to vehicle handling, control, and ride comfort. Generally speaking, three primary approaches have been used to model this kind of response: lumped parameter models, semi-analytical approaches, and full finite element method (FEM) analysis. These three approaches represent three different areas, viewpoints and major interests separately. Advantages, disadvantages, and motivations for use of these different models are discussed. As computational speeds increase at a rapid pace, FEM models continue to gain recognition and prominence as a major analytical tool for tyre design and development in tyre dynamics studies. This survey pays special attention to FEM tyre dynamics models and to studies that relate tyre parameters such as stiffness and damping to tyre design and performance.