Abstract
Since President Obama signed the Precision Medicine Initiative in 2015, endeavors to integrate pharmacogenetics in clinical practice and psychiatric care have been evolving rapidly. The nature of general practice and psychiatric medicine, including psychopharmacotherapy and the long-term care necessary for chronic diseases, renders these fields in desperate need of the implementation of pharmacogenetics. This article presents some of the challenges facing pharmacogenetics implementation in family medicine and psychiatric care. Reputable research websites were used to extract papers, data, and lectures concerning this topic. The results reveal that three main challenges are facing this integration: the evaluation of pharmacogenetic testing in general and psychiatric practice, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory burdens. Although considerable advances are being made to address these issues, it is time to gather these efforts under one umbrella to create guidelines based on previous and upcoming research.
Highlights
General practitioners and scientists in the psychiatry, neurology, and neuroscience fields are rushing to discover the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases and psychiatric disorders
Considering that most chronic diseases and psychiatric disorders usually require long-term medication compliance, patients are subjected to the adverse events that accompany pharmacotherapy
The importance of using the current genomic data to locate a biomarker for present and upcoming medications becomes evident. Implementation of this approach in primary care will allow clinicians to tailor pharmacotherapy to the needs of the patient and determine whether that patient will be subjected to adverse events
Summary
Considering that most chronic diseases and psychiatric disorders usually require long-term medication compliance, patients are subjected to the adverse events that accompany pharmacotherapy At this point, the importance of using the current genomic data to locate a biomarker for present and upcoming medications becomes evident. The third regulatory debate, is defined as a test’s ability to refine the risks and benefits of its use This point summarizes the whole previous argument for implementing pharmacogenetic tests in psychiatric practice. A study concerning the clinical utility of these tests summarizes the numerous benefits of integrating them in primary care, such as determining the precise outcomes for prescribed medications and avoiding adverse events that might occur because of patients’ varying metabolisms. Especially in mild to moderate cases, to prescribe medication directly based on their experiences with these kinds of drugs [7]
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