Listening To Music While Exercising Increases The Risk For Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Abstract

Music has an ergogenic effect on exercise performance, improves motivation, decreases exertion, and delays the onset of fatigue. However, loud sound levels from music can cause permanent damage to the inner ear resulting in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of NIHL among students utilizing campus recreational facilities and examine whether music used as a motivator was associated with increased risk for NIHL. METHODS: One hundred and nineteen students were recruited from the main fitness center on college campus. Physical activity level was recalled using a modified short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Music intensity levels were assessed by a sound pressure level mannequin with a built-in microphone. Thirty second samples were taken in 5 second intervals using participant’s personal listening devices. Average, minimum, and maximum sound levels were recorded in decibels (dBA). The estimated risk for NIHL was established based on the average sound level and duration of exposure using NIOSH criteria. Participants indicated whether music was a motivator during a workout. Descriptive statistics were performed for all variables. Chi-square analyses evaluated relations between risk for NIHL, gender, and music as a motivator. T-tests assessed the difference in average loudness level and gender. RESULTS: Participants were college students (51.3% males, 48.7% females). Majority of participants (89.1%) used music as motivation while exercising (93.4% male and 84.5% female, p>0.05). Twenty four percent of participants were at risk for NIHL, approaching statistical significance for gender (29.5% males vs 19% females, p=0.056). The average sound levels for the participants were 88.8+10.3 dBA and statistically significant for gender (90.9+10.6 dBA for males, 86.5+9.4 dBA for females, p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Every fourth college student listening to music while exercising was at risk for NIHL. NIHL is an avoidable cause of permanent hearing impairment. Recommendations for safe use of personal listening devices during workouts include keeping volume at a safe level, below 85 dBA, and limiting time spent using the device during workouts.