Abstract
Glucagon like peptide-1 is responsible for the incretin effect after a meal or an oral glucose load. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have impairment of secretion and action of glucagon like peptide-1. This impairment can be overcome through pharmacological doses of glucagon like peptide-1 analogues. Aim of the Study: This study aimed at evaluation of the effect of treatment with glucagon like peptide-1 analogues; liraglutide and dulaglutide, in Emirati patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glycemic control was the primary end point while the secondary end point was the effect on body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, serum creatinine, lipid profile and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Patients & Methods: This is a retrospective study including 54 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients used Liraglutide or Dulaglutide as add on therapy to oral antidiabetic medications for one year. Thirty-four patients used liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily and 20 patients used dulaglutide 1.5 mg once weekly. All patients were older than 18 years and had estimated glomerular filtration rate (>90 ml/min/1.73 m2). Body mass index, sitting blood pressure and heart rate were collected. Fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid panel and other biochemical parameters were also collected. Data were analysed before and at 6 and 12 months of glucagon like peptide-1 analogue treatment. Results: At 12 months of treatment, liraglutide significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (11.3 ± 4 vs 7 ± 1.7, p
Highlights
Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone secreted from the L-cells in the lower gut; the distal jejunum, ileum, and colon, in response to ingestion of carbohydrates, lipids, and mixed meals [1] [2] [3]
In the present study we investigated the effect of liraglutide and dulaglutide on glycemic control, as evaluated by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), in Emirati patients with type 2 diabetes
We looked at their effects on clinical parameters such as body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and heart rate as well as biochemical parameters such as serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and plasma lipids
Summary
Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone secreted from the L-cells in the lower gut; the distal jejunum, ileum, and colon, in response to ingestion of carbohydrates, lipids, and mixed meals [1] [2] [3]. GLP-1 increases glucose-dependent insulin synthesis and secretion in the pancreatic islets. It increases satiety and decreases appetite by acting on brain areas involved in regulation of food intake. It delays gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon secretion and decreases hepatic glucose output (1). These effects explain the potential of GLP1 analogues as antidiabetic agents. Patients with T2DM have impairment of secretion and effect of GLP-1. Pharmacological doses of GLP-1 in the form of GLP-1 analogues can overcome these underlying defects [2] [3]
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