Abstract
A liquid-phase single-stage synthesis of isoprene from methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and formalin using Keggin-type heteropolyacids, phosphotungstic acid (PTA), phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), and silicotungstic acid (STA) was performed in a batch reactor. The effects of catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, MTBE/formaldehyde ratio, and solvent type on isoprene yield were evaluated. At moderate reaction conditions, the two-phase organic–aqueous system with cyclohexane addition and high MTBE/formaldehyde ratio enhanced the isoprene formation. When the catalyst concentration was increased, the formaldehyde conversion and turnover frequency increased, but isoprene selectivity slightly decreased. At high temperature or low MTBE/formaldehyde ratio, isoprene yield decreased because of the formation of 3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-2H-pyran. When the catalyst activities are compared, the STA catalyst exhibited formaldehyde conversion, isoprene yield, and selectivity that were slightly higher than those of the PTA an...
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