Abstract
The LiquidJet PES apparatus is a specialized end-station at the synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II, Berlin, for studying the electronic structure of liquid water, aqueous and non-aqueous solutions with soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Targets are liquid microjets that are introduced into a vacuum chamber via a ~20 µm glass capillary.
Highlights
Fundamental interactions between solute electronic structure and highly volatile liquid solutions, especially water, which are essentially the key to chemical reactivity, have remained poorly understood
With the introduction of the liquid microjet technique, and its rst application in conjunction with synchrotron radiation about a decade ago, has liquid-phase photoelectron spectroscopy evolved as a research eld
Technical dataDesigned to match layout of few beamlines Yes 275 – 300 K SPECS EA 10-MCP hemispherical electron analyzer xyz manipulators for positioning the liquid jet and the jet- catching reservoir Temperature-stabilized liquid microjet emerging from typically [18-25] micrometer diameter glass capillaries Rotatable vacuum chamber to measure under magic angle (54.7°), 90°, and 0° Second port available for additional detectors (e.g. photon spectrometerfor dispersed uorescence measurements)
Summary
Fundamental interactions between solute electronic structure and highly volatile liquid solutions, especially water, which are essentially the key to chemical reactivity, have remained poorly understood. The LiquidJet PES station presented here has been designed to measure (photo)-electrons from a liquid microjet that is introduced into the main interaction chamber via an [18-25] μm glass capillary, forming a free liquid surface in vacuum. Photoelectrons are detected by a robust and compact SPECS EA10 hemispherical analyzer with a replaceable [100-500] μm skimmer ori ce, acting as a pressure barrier between the main chamber and the electron analyzer. Typical energy resolutions of the hemispherical energy analyzer are 100 meV at 10 eV pass energy 170 – 200 eV photon energy) and ∼ 200 meV at 20 eV pass energy (used for core level and resonant photoelectron measurements at higher photon energies up to 1500 eV)
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