Abstract
A model of liquid water that considers the presence of intact, distorted and broken H-bonds in the liquid predicts the anomalous density variation at around 277 K and a liquid–liquid phase separation at around 223 K under 1 atm pressure. The liquid phases at 223 K have densities of around 0.97 (phase I) and 0.92 g/mL (phase II) with very high and very low viscosities, and may represent phases with glassy and superfluid characteristics, respectively. The superfluid phase II terminates at around 219 K with the formation of ice Ih, and the glassy phase I, if it avoids conversion to phase II (at 223 K) in ultra-fast cooling, may remain in the glassy state until its termination at around 150 K with the formation of ice Ic.
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