Liquid Smoke Production Quality from Raw Materials Variation and Different Pyrolysis Temperature

Abstract

This research is intended to know liquid smoke chemical and physical characteristics quality acquired from pyrolysis from various raw materials with different temperature level. The making of liquid smoke is done through pyrolysis process with temperature level 100 ± 10^oC; 200 ± 10^oC; 300±10^oC; and 400±10^oC for 5 hour. This research is done experimentally by using complete random design on factorial pattern 3 x 4 with 3 repetition. Factor A is raw materials type that consists of coconut fibre, coconut shell and cinnamon while factor B is temperature level. The observed parameter consists of liquid smoke physical characteristic that consists of equipment performance, density, rendement, degree of acidity and chemical characteristic that consists of water-content, titrated acid total, phenol-content, carbonyl-content and benzo(a)pyren-content. The result of research shows that there is a very actual interaction (P<0,01) between using raw materials type with pyrolysis temperature level toward equipment performance, density, rendement, degree of acidity, water-content, titrated acid total, phenol-content, carbonyl-content and benzo(a)pyren-content. The best liquid smoke production quality can be found in raw materials cinnamon treatment on temperature level 400±10^oC, which is pyrolysis equipment performance 16,29 ml/hour.meter, density 1,017 g/ml, rendement 38,78%, pH 3,503, titrated acid total 0,72 %, phenol-content 0,57 %, carbonyl-content 4,13 %, benzo(a)pyren-content 0,04 ppm. Based on the result of this research, it can be concluded that using cinnamon with level pyrolysis temperature 400±10^oC is better used rather than coconut fibre and coconut shell because of its lowest benzo(a)pyren-content.