Abstract
The Horizon-T (HT) detector system and the currently under R&D HT-KZ detector system are designed for the detection of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with energies above ∼10 16 eV (∼10 17 eV for HT-KZ). The main challenges in both detector systems are the fast time resolutions needed for studying the temporary structure of EAS, and the extremely wide dynamic range needed to study the spatial distribution of charged particles in EAS disks. In order to detect the low-density of charged particles far from the EAS axis, a large-area detector is needed. Liquid scintillator with low cost would be a possible solution for such a detector, including the recently developed safe and low-cost water-based liquid scintillators. Liquid organic scintillators give a fast and high light yield (LY) for charged particle detection. It is similar to plastic scintillator in properties but is cost effective for large volumes. With liquid scintillator, one can create detection volumes that are symmetric and yet retain high LY detection. Different wavelength shifters affect the scintillation light by changing the output spectrum into the best detection region. Results of the latest studies of the components optimization in the liquid scintillator formulae are presented.
Highlights
In large-area distributed detectors for ultra-high energy cosmic rays, such as the Horizon-T detector system [1] and the HorizonT-KZ (HT-KZ) detector system [2], there is always a question about a medium for charged particle detection
Work has been done on the optimization of liquid scintillator (LS) composition
The results can be applied to plastic scintillators as well
Summary
In large-area distributed detectors for ultra-high energy cosmic rays, such as the Horizon-T detector system [1] and the HorizonT-KZ (HT-KZ) detector system [2] (currently under development), there is always a question about a medium for charged particle detection. One can choose water and detect Cherenkov light; it is a very fast method but produces low numbers of photons per passing particle. Another choice is an organic scintillator [3], that can be in the form of plastic or liquid scintillator (LS). The 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, or Pseudocumene (PC) based LS was used together with PPO (2,5-diphenyloxazole) as a fluor and MSB (1,4Bis(2-mehylstyryl)benzene) as a wavelength shifter. Both the total light yield (LY) and the spectral differences in the outputs with different amounts of components were measured. For large-volume detectors planning to use LS with high particles density signals, LY and cost can be reduced by using the novel water-based liquid scintillator material [4]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
