Abstract
Liquid-phase mass transfer in ion exchange controlled by diffusion across a Nernst film was studied for the general case of any arbitrary number of counterions and coions. The Nernst-Planck equations are solved analytically for the momentary fluxes. The solution reduces to all exact solutions available in the literature for special cases and provides an approximation in the general case of arbitrary systems. The quality of the approximation is demonstrated by comparison with the general numerical solution. For most applications the errors can be neglected compared with those caused by the idealising assumptions of the film model. Experimental results obtained with a short column demonstrate the applicability of the solution to multi-component systems, thus illustrating that the electric potential has a strong effect on the fluxes. In extreme cases, one or several species can be transferred against their concentration gradients.
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