Abstract
The development of chemical strategies to render graphene viable for incorporation into devices is a great challenge. A promising approach is the production of stable graphene dispersions from the exfoliation of graphite in water and organic solvents. The challenges involve the production of a large quantity of graphene sheets with tailored distribution in thickness, size, and shape. In this review, we present some of the recent efforts towards the controlled production of graphene in dispersions. We also describe some of the chemical protocols that have provided insight into the vast organic chemistry of the single atomic plane of graphite. Controlled chemical reactions applied to graphene are expected to significantly improve the design of hierarchical, functional platforms, driving the inclusion of graphene into advanced functional materials forward.
Highlights
Various methodologies for the production of graphene and chemically modified graphene have been described during the last years [1]
We present some of the recent efforts towards the controlled production of graphene in dispersions
Using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques, it was possible to produce transferable, large graphene sheets that were included in transparent conductive films for mobile phones [5]
Summary
Various methodologies for the production of graphene and chemically modified graphene have been described during the last years [1]. The exfoliation of graphite in dispersions has been obtained by a number of mechanochemical methods Each one of these strategies presents advantages and disadvantages depending on the type of application. The exfoliation of graphite by ultrasonication is a very versatile technique that has already demonstrated its effectiveness in dispersing graphene in solvents with different physical and chemical properties. This flexibility allows the incorporation of additives such as surfactants [8], antioxidants [9], and polymers [10] during the ultrasonication process, while increasing the affinity for the solvent, the quality of the resulting graphene layers, or their functionality. We describe recent efforts in the chemical design of tailored graphene nanohybrids using graphene dispersions as the starting material
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