Abstract
Extraction of lignin from pulping wastewater as an external biofuel and in specialty chemicals will additionally benefit the chemical and automobile industries. Though lignin is nontoxic, it imparts brownish black colouration to the water bodies can cause environmental problems. Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technology is proposed to extract and recover the kraft lignin (KL) compound from the aqueous waste solution. This study investigated on development of a liquid membrane formulation for lignin removal from aqueous waste solution. Several parameters such as types and concentration of carrier, types of diluents and types of stripping agentswere studied. The results showed that the most favorable liquid membrane formulation is using Aliquat 336 as extractant, kerosene as diluents and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as stripping agent which is almost 93% of lignin was extracted.
Highlights
Nowadays, pulp industry is the sixth largest polluter of water bodies after the oil, cement, leather, textile and steel industries[1]
Different types of carrier were used such as acidic carrier(D2EHPA and Cyanex 302), basic carrier (TOA, TDA and Aliquat 336), and solvating carrier (TOPO and TBP)
Kraft lignin (KL) loaded organic solution from liquid-liquid extraction was examined in stripping process by using various types of stripping agents which are NaOH, NaCl, Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), Hydrochloric acid (HCl), acid sulphuric (H2SO4), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
Summary
Pulp industry is the sixth largest polluter of water bodies after the oil, cement, leather, textile and steel industries[1]. There were various methods developed for lignin removal and recovery from spent pulping liquor These include methods such as precipitation, electrocoagulation, ultrafiltration, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, ozonation andelectrolysis [7, 8]. Liquid membrane process has high potential in the removal of kraft lignin from simulated liquid waste solution. It has its main application in the field of metalextraction[9]. Organic phase (kraft lignin loaded carrier) was taken from extraction process and similar procedures were repeated using various stripping agents
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