Abstract
This paper presents an experimental methodology used for the determination of liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the ternary system (phosphoric acid, ester and water). This experimental methodology represents the determination of phosphoric acid linked with different aquatic systems. In this study, an ester was selected as an organic solvent for the recovery of phosphoric acid from waste water. The binodal curve and the tie lines have been prominent. The ternary system (water + phosphoric acid + ester) was studied at three temperatures i.e. 25, 35 and 45 °C (298, 313 and 323 K). The results indicate that the extraction of phosphoric acid by a solvent is possible in aquatic systems. The results are dis- cussed.
Highlights
The quality of the aquatic system is dependent on the hydrogeochemical processes and reactions, the chemical and physical properties of surrounding rocks in the recharge area, the quantitative and qualitative properties of through-flowing water bodies and the products of human activity
Ternary phase behaviour of such systems at a constant temperature and pressure is conveniently represented on an equilateral diagram, where its corners indicate the pure components, binary compositions are along the edges and ternary mixtures are located inside the triangle
The liquid-liquid equilibrium thermodynamic properties of water + phosphoric acid + ester can be used in research on the nature of mixing behaviour of ternary systems for molecular models and industrial applications
Summary
The quality of the aquatic system is dependent on the hydrogeochemical processes and reactions, the chemical and physical properties of surrounding rocks in the recharge area, the quantitative and qualitative properties of through-flowing water bodies and the products of human activity. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is a technique used in the process industry due to its simplicity, rapid method development, and reasonable selectivity (Kumar et al, 2011; Hamdi and Hannachi, 2012; Bahrpaima, 2017). LLE is based on the differences in solubility and equilibrium distribution of these components between the two produced immiscible or partially miscible phases. In other words, it depends on the mass transfer of the component to be extracted from the carrier to the solvent. In order to have an effective extraction, the extract component should more preferably dissolve in the solvent
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