Liquid Culture Systems Affect Morphological and Biochemical Parameters during Rosa canina Plantlets In Vitro Production

Abstract

Wild roses are an important group of plants used as decorative shrubs and cut flowers. They are also a row material for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. For rose in vitro propagation, solid media are commonly used. Up till now there is a few reports confirming the beneficial effect of liquid media on Rosa shoot growth and multiplication. The aim of the study was to investigate different culture systems, temporary immersion system (TIS) (immersion frequencies of 15 min every 6, 8 and 12 h), rotary shaker (RS) and stationary liquid (SL) for propagation of R. canina and compare with solid medium culture. Shoot tips and stem explants were grown on basic Murashige and Skoog medium with 20 mg dm-3 Fe EDDHA, 1 µM BA, 1.5 µM GA3 and 3% sucrose for six weeks. Liquid cultures stimulated biomass growth. The highest biomass growth in RS cultures were observed however, RS reduced the shoot dry mass content. TIS cultures immersed every 6 and 8 h increased dry mass content. In TIS and on solid medium shoot multiplication was 1.5-2 times better than in other systems and stem explants were more efficient. Solid medium improved the content of chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids. Higher contents of photosynthetic pigments were determined in shoot tips than stem explants. TIS-derived plantlets accumulated the largest amount of phenolic compounds. As the frequency of immersion increases the concentration of these compounds were reduced. In turn, SL cultures favored the accumulation of soluble sugars.