Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) have been a part of research for more than a century. The first LC was found as a cholesteric phase of cholesteryl acetate by Reinitzer in 1888 [1]; since then, a vast number of LC discoveries have been reported, in various LC phases, compounds, and applications. However, most recent research has focused on the display applications, i.e., liquid crystal displays (LCDs). However, there are still many diverse aspects of LCs to be explored and applied into modern materials, such as solar cells or artificial cell membranes. LC materials can be divided into two categories, thermotropic and lyotropic LCs. The former is a pure compound that exhibits LC phases, while the latter is a mixture of one or more compounds in a
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