Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a liquid core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) as a novel optofluidic device that can be used to create innovative and highly functional microsensors. Liquid core ARROWs, with their dual ability to guide the light and the fluids in the same microchannel, have shown great potential as an optofluidic tool for quantitative spectroscopic analysis. ARROWs feature a planar architecture and, hence, are particularly attractive for chip scale integrated system. Step by step, several improvements have been made in recent years towards the implementation of these waveguides in a complete on-chip system for highly-sensitive detection down to the single molecule level. We review applications of liquid ARROWs for fluids sensing and discuss recent results and trends in the developments and applications of liquid ARROW in biomedical and biochemical research. The results outlined show that the strong light matter interaction occurring in the optofluidic channel of an ARROW and the versatility offered by the fabrication methods makes these waveguides a very promising building block for optofluidic sensor development.
Highlights
Optofluidics is an emerging research field that combines the advantages of microfluidics and optics on the same platform towards highly functional and compact devices [1,2]
antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs), we review the the description of the working principle and fabrication methods of liquid ARROWs, we review the state of ofthe theartartof of chip integration for sensing applications, highlighting advantages state onon chip integration for sensing applications, highlighting specificspecific advantages gained gained through the optofluidic integration
As it was found for solid ARROW [13], ARROW [13], their study confirms that the attenuation losses are almost unaffected by the second their study confirms that the attenuation losses are almost unaffected by the second layer thickness layer thickness changes in a range of ±30 nm, whereas it is very sensitive to first cladding thickness, changes in a range of30 nm, whereas it is very sensitive to first cladding thickness, increasing increasing very rapidly for thickness detuning of about ±10 nm. These results provide very useful very rapidly for thickness detuning of about10 nm. These results provide very useful rules for rules for waveguides fabrication. 2-D numerical analysis of ARROWs modes characteristics have waveguides fabrication. 2-D numerical analysis of ARROWs modes characteristics have been been performed by using finite difference methods (FDM) [16,17]
Summary
Optofluidics is an emerging research field that combines the advantages of microfluidics and optics on the same platform towards highly functional and compact devices [1,2]. In the field of optical sensor technologies, optofluidics offers innovative design solutions in order to integrate all the required microfluidic and optical functionalities on a single chip for high-throughput analysis. Sensitivity be achieved exploiting the direct interaction the entire optical waveguide mode Since both can the light and theby liquid are guided through the sameofmicrochannel, ultra-high sensitivity with the fluid samples. Such a strong optical coupling, combined with the ultra-small liquid volume, can be achieved by exploiting the direct interaction of the entire optical waveguide mode with the enables sensitivity to single whichwith is the ultimate goalliquid of analytical fluid samples.
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