Liquid Chromatography with Amperometric Detection at a Silver Based Detector for the Determination of Thiocompounds: Application to the Assay of Thiopurine Antimetabolites in Urine

Abstract

A silver amperometric detector coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) was used for the determination of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) and two of its metabolites, thiouric acid (TU) and 2-amino-6-mercaptopurine riboside (6-TGR). The silver detector coupled to LC operated at a low applied potential (0.08 V vs Ag/AgCl) and offered a chromatogram with peak responses corresponding to molecules interacting with silver, namely, chloride ions and small soluble biothiols in addition to the organothiol drug compounds investigated. Online electrochemical surface cleaning permitted the improvement of the repeatability and peak shape of the recorded signal compared to direct current amperometric detection (AD) when operating in chloride containing media. The studied molecules were eluted isocratically within 5 min on a reversed-phase C18 column without interference from endogenous biothiols present in urine samples. Diluted urine samples (1:1) were directly injected in the LC setup; a linear calibration curve was obtained between peak area and analyte concentration between 0.1 and 10 μM for all the studied molecules. Limits of detection (LODs) were 0.03, 0.008, and 0.01 μM, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.1, 0.02, and 0.03 μM for TU, 6-TG, and 6-TGR, respectively. Within-day RSDs were 2%, 0.8%, and 1% and between-day RSDs were 2%, 0.9%, 2% for TU, 6-TG, and 6-TGR, respectively. Recoveries in spiked urine were 99.8%, 99.9%, and 99.0% for TU, 6-TG, and 6-TGR, respectively.