Liquid bridges and black strings in higher dimensions

Abstract

Analyzing a capillary minimizing problem for a higher-dimensional extended fluid, we find that there exist startling similarities between the black hole-black string system (the Gregory–Laflamme instability) and the liquid drop-liquid bridge system (the Rayleigh–Plateau instability), which were first suggested by a perturbative approach. In the extended fluid system, we confirm the existence of the critical dimension above which the non-uniform bridge (NUB, i.e., Delaunay unduloid) serves as the global minimizer of surface area. We also find a variety of phase structures (one or two cusps in the volume-area phase diagram) near the critical dimension. Applying a catastrophe theory, we predict that in the 9-dimensional (9D) space and below, we have the first order transition from a uniform bridge (UB) to a spherical drop (SD), while in the 10D space and above, we expect the transition such that UB → NUB → SD. This gives an important indication for a transition in the black hole-black string system.