Abstract
Nowadays, downstream bioprocessing industries inclines towards the development of a green and high efficient bioseparation technology. Betacyanins are presently gaining higher interest in the food science as driven by their high tinctorial strength and health promoting functional properties. In this study, a novel green integration process of liquid biphasic electric partitioning system (LBEPS) was proposed for betacyanins extraction from peel and flesh of red-purple pitaya. Initially, the betacyanins extraction using LBEPS with initial settings was compared with that of liquid biphasic partitioning system (LBPS), and the results revealed that both systems demonstrated a comparable betacyanins extraction. This was followed by further optimizing the LBEPS for better betacyanins extraction. Several operating parameters including operation time, voltage applied, and position of graphitic electrodes in the system were investigated. Moreover, comparison between optimized LBEPS and LBPS with optimized conditions of electric system (as post-treatment) as well as color characterization and antioxidant properties assessment were conducted. Overall, the betacyanins extraction employing the optimized LBEPS showed the significant highest values of betacyanins concentration in alcohol-rich top phase (Ct) and partition coefficient (K) of betacyanins from peel (99.256 ± 0.014% and 133.433 ± 2.566) and flesh (97.189 ± 0.172% and 34.665 ± 2.253) of red-purple pitaya. These results inferred that an optimal betacyanins extraction was successfully achieved by this approach. Also, the LBEPS with the peel and flesh showed phase volume ratio (Vr) values of 1.667 and 2.167, respectively, and this indicated that they have a clear biphasic separation. In addition, the peel and flesh extract obtained from the optimized LBEPS demonstrated different variations of red color as well as their antioxidant properties were well-retained. This article introduces a new, reliable, and effective bioseparation approach for the extraction of biomolecules, which is definitely worth to explore further as a bioseparation tool in the downstream bioprocessing.
Highlights
Betacyanins are of growing interest in the applications of food processing, such as foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, owing to their versatile properties including attractive visual attributes, pigments stability between pH 3 and 7, natural coloring feature (E-162), powerful antioxidant and health promoting functional properties (Ciriminna et al, 2018; Leong et al, 2018c)
An initial study was conducted by comparing the betacyanins extraction from peel and flesh of red-purple pitaya using Liquid biphasic partitioning system (LBPS) with optimized conditions (Leong et al, 2018b) and liquid biphasic electric partitioning system (LBEPS) with initial settings
Our findings showed that the betacyanins extraction from the peel using LBPS was slightly better than that of using LBEPS
Summary
Betacyanins are of growing interest in the applications of food processing, such as foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, owing to their versatile properties including attractive visual attributes, pigments stability between pH 3 and 7, natural coloring feature (E-162), powerful antioxidant and health promoting functional properties (Ciriminna et al, 2018; Leong et al, 2018c). One of the rich sources of betacyanins is red-purple pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus), in addition to red beetroot and other Caryophyllales. Red-purple pitaya is a type of Hylocereus species which belongs to the family of Cactaceae. It is a red-skinned fruit with red-purple flesh and black seeds. Red-purple pitaya is high in nutritional contents and is a promising source of betacyanins, and it possesses positive effects on health (Stintzing and Carle, 2007; Moreno et al, 2008; Dembitsky et al, 2011; Esatbeyoglu et al, 2015; Khan and Giridhar, 2015; Ciriminna et al, 2018)
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