Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in knowledge of cancer, accompanied by a technological development that gives rise to medical oncology. An instrument that allows the implementation of individualized therapeutic strategies is the liquid biopsy. Currently, it is the most innovative methodology in medical oncology. Its high potential as a tool for screening and early detection, the possibility of assessing the patient’s condition after diagnosis and relapse, as well as the effectiveness of real-time treatments in different types of cancer. Liquid biopsy is capable of overcoming the limitations of tissue biopsies. The elements that compose the liquid biopsy are circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor nucleic acids, free of cells or contained in exosomes, microvesicle and platelets. Liquid biopsy studies are performed on various biofluids extracted in a non-invasive way, and they can be performed both from the blood and in urine, saliva or cerebrospinal fluid. The development of genotyping techniques, using the elements that make up liquid biopsy, make it possible to detect mutations, intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity, and provide molecular information on cancer for application in medical oncology in an individualized way in different types of tumors. Therefore, liquid biopsy has the potential to change the way medical oncology could predict the course of the disease.
Highlights
Cancer is a spatial and temporal dynamic disease where differently evolving genetic clones are responsible for progression
Urine is divided into sediments, which allows the macroscopic study of crystalline structures in the form of salts and supernatants, where we find proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids and vesicles of extracellular origin [8]
The components of LB mainly refer to the analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), cell-free circulating nucleic acids, mainly circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), exosomes, microvesicle and platelets
Summary
Cancer is a spatial and temporal dynamic disease where differently evolving genetic clones are responsible for progression. In this landscape, the recognition of mechanisms responsible for tumor evolution remains a challenging task [1]. To a variety ofagenomic molecular oncology is todiagnosis improve the treatment cancer This end, variety ofand genomic and analyses can be applied to tumor material to help identify known predictive markers to guide the molecular analyses can be applied to tumor material to help identify known predictive markers to selection of treatment, derive a molecular subtype classification that might enable estimation of the guide the selection of treatment, derive a molecular subtype classification that might enable prognosis, characterize somatic alterationssomatic involvedalterations in tumor progression, pathways estimation of the prognosis, characterize involved in detect tumor disrupted progression, detect and identify molecular discriminants of progression disease. Accessfor to molecular profiling usually depends on invasive procedures that are not always feasible and do not tumor material for molecular profiling usually depends on invasive procedures that are not always lend themselves to serial monitoringto ofserial tumormonitoring genotypes of [3].tumor genotypes [3]
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