Abstract
In this study, we aimed to synthesize phenol–formaldehyde type resins from the reaction of grapevine cane ( Vitis vinisera L.) liquefied with phenol in the presence of sulfuric acid as catalyst. The biomass was first liquefied with phenol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst at 150 °C for 2 h. The liquefied grapevine cane powders were then resinified with formaldehyde at the different ratios in the presence of NaOH as a catalyst. Three-layer plywoods were prepared by using phenol–formaldehyde type adhesive from liquefied grapevine cane. The bond strength was evaluated by the tensile-shear test following the same standard for phenol resin adhesives to evaluate dry- and water-proof adhesive bond strengths. The results showed the grapevine canes could easily be liquefied with phenol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. It was also determined that almost all the resol-type resin adhesives prepared from the liquefied grapevine canes met the Japanese Industrial Standard as far as dry shear adhesive strengths of plywood were concerned. However, boiling water-resistant adhesives could be prepared from resinification of H 2SO 4-catalyzed liquefied grapevine cane at a formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio of about 2.0 or above.
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