Abstract
This paper examines the liquefaction and ground failures observed in San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake. It summarizes soil conditions, land development, and local seismic intensities within the city. Earthquake damage of the San Francisco water distribution system is discussed, and an account is provided of how city planners used the water supply damage to map locations of “infirm ground,” which are used today in the design and operation of the city fire protection system. Maps are presented that show subsurface conditions, current street system, permanent ground deformation, and infrastructure damage in 1906. With the use of approximately 500 soil borings and soundings compiled in a geographical information system (GIS), liquefaction hazard maps are generated for the Mission Creek and South of Market areas of the city.
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