Abstract
Experiments were designed to investigate the inner structure of the interaction between the two different kinds of refracting lines in Lipps figure (Fig. 9).Stimulus conditions operated were as follows; (1) conditions disjointing and simplifying Lipps figure (Fig. 10-11, 14-17), (2) d: distance between principal lines (Fig. 12-13), (3) φ: interior angle of parallelogram composed of principal lines (Fig. 12-13).Results obtained were as follows: (a) The positive illusory effects in Lipps figure were stronger when it contained one kind (or both kinds) of refracting lines than when it contained none (or one) of them (b) The illusory effect of the distance between principal lines increased with the increase of the distance. (c) The illusory effect of the interior angle φ of parallelogram composed of principal lines increased with the decrease of φ in case of φ≤90°, and with the increase of φ in case of φ≥90°.Here, in the interaction between refracting lines, two kinds of effects are assumed; one is the E-effect and the other the P-effect. The former effect has the power to start Lipps illusion and is similar to Ebbinghaus illusory effect of direction caused by the deflection of the line laid obliquely to another line (Fig. 17). On the other hand, the latter has the power to obstruct the former effect-the power is regulated by the forms (φ, d) of parallelogram-and does not exist in Ebbinghaus illusion of direction. Though these two effects vary together and act simultaneously, the former is always active and the latter is, by istelf, potential.In conclusion, the positive illusory effects of Lipps figure were mainly due to the interaction between the two different kinds of refracting lines, and the mode of interaction could be accounted for by the manner of the composition of E-and P-effects. Accordingly, it was considered that Lipps and Ebbinghaus illusions of direction were of the same type as they had E-effect in common. Further, it was assumed that P-effect in Lipps illusion would exist in Zöllner illusion as well.
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