Abstract
Objective: Averrhoa carambola L. leaves have been used as a traditional medicine. The study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity ofA. carambola L. plant extracts using a lipoxygenase inhibition assay based on ethyl acetate fractions of A. carambola L. leaves obtained from threeregions in West Java.Methods: Extracts from A. carambola L. leaves were obtained by maceration method using 70% ethanol followed by fractionation using liquid-liquidpartitioning until the ethyl acetate fraction was obtained. Subsequently, lipoxygenase inhibition activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was tested usinglinoleate acid as the substrate, and the total flavonoid and total phenol contents were determined. The correlation between the IC50 values and thetotal flavonoid and total phenol contents obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction were analyzed.Results: The ethyl acetate fraction from the sample inhibited lipoxygenase enzyme activity with IC50 values of 19.38, 16.65, and 15.07 μg/mL, respectively.The total flavonoid contents in the ethyl acetate fractions obtained from Depok, Subang, and Sukabumi regions were 14.88, 16.88, and 22.27 mg QE/gof sample, respectively, whereas the total phenol contents were 54.10, 61.06, and 72.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of sample, respectively.Conclusion: There was a high correlation between the IC50 values and the total flavonoid and total phenol contents, with correlations coefficientsof −0.917 and −0.960, respectively, which indicated that the higher the total flavonoid and total phenol contents, the lower the IC50 values.
Highlights
Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) leaves are used as traditional medicines for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders such as eczema, boils, and pyoderma or skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi [1,2,3]
The aim of the present study was to obtain data on lipoxygenase inhibition activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of A. carambola L. leaves from three regions in West Java (Depok, Subang, and Sukabumi) and to examine the correlation between the total flavonoid and total phenol contents based on IC50 values
Lipoxygenase activity inhibition The inhibition of lipoxygenase activity by the ethyl acetate fractions of the leaves obtained from the three study regions in West Java with linoleate acid as the substrate was compared using standard apigenin
Summary
Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) leaves are used as traditional medicines for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders such as eczema, boils, and pyoderma or skin infections caused by bacteria, viruses (smallpox), or fungi (ringworm) [1,2,3]. The previous studies have reported an IC50 inhibition value of apigenin against lipoxygenase activity of 2.08 ppm and an IC50 value of 7.84 ppm from the star fruit ethyl acetate fraction; it was considered to prevent skin edema and has been used in cosmetic preparations as a skin-soothing agent [8]. The aim of the present study was to obtain data on lipoxygenase inhibition activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of A. carambola L. leaves from three regions in West Java (Depok, Subang, and Sukabumi) and to examine the correlation between the total flavonoid and total phenol contents based on IC50 values
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