Abstract
We are interested in developing lanthanide nanoparticles (NPs) as high sensitivity tagging reagents for antibodies to analyze cells by mass cytometry (MC). Two key prerequisites for this application are that the NPs have to be colloidally stable in phosphate-containing buffers and the free NPs must have very low levels of nonspecific binding to cells. These are the issues we address here. We describe the synthesis of 30 nm diameter NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles, their transfer to aqueous solution via citrate exchange, and their encapsulation in liposomes to minimize their interaction with live cells. The lipid coating consisted of a 2:2:1 mol ratio mixture of dioleoylphosphatidyl choline (DOPC), egg sphingomyelin (ESM), and ovine cholesterol (Chol), referred to as DEC221. Since encapsulating 30 nm NPs in liposomes is an unprecedented challenge, we added varying amounts of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxyPEG-2000] (mPEG2K-DSPE) to the lipid formulation, both to promote curvature of th...
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