Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease contributing to ~3.4 million deaths worldwide. There are various causes of cancer, such as smoking, being overweight or obese, intake of processed meat, radiation, family history, stress, environmental factors, and chance. The first-line treatment of cancer is the surgical removal of solid tumours, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The systemic administration of the free drug is considered to be the main clinical failure of chemotherapy in cancer treatment, as limited drug concentration reaches the tumour site. Most of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used in chemotherapy are highly cytotoxic to both cancer and normal cells. Accordingly, targeting the tumour vasculatures is essential for tumour treatment. In this context, encapsulation of anti-cancer drugs within the liposomal system offers secure platforms for the targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of cancer. This, in turn, can be helpful for reducing the cytotoxic side effects of anti-cancer drugs on normal cells. This short-review focuses on the use of liposomes in anti-cancer drug delivery.
Highlights
There is a high demand for advanced delivery systems that are suitable for the delivery of various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), especially systems with low costs, high efficiency, low risks, and toxicity [1]
Several APIs can be utilised better by employing nano-size drug delivery systems (DDS) that are designed to enhance the delivery of APIs with poor pharmacokinetics and biodistribution [2]
Liposomes are the most commonly investigated nanostructures used in advanced drug delivery, which were first discovered by Alee
Summary
There is a high demand for advanced delivery systems that are suitable for the delivery of various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), especially systems with low costs, high efficiency, low risks, and toxicity [1]. Several APIs can be utilised better by employing nano-size drug delivery systems (DDS) that are designed to enhance the delivery of APIs with poor pharmacokinetics and biodistribution [2]. Liposomes are artificially spherical vesicles prepared from naturally-derived phospholipid They entail one or more lipid bilayers with discrete aqueous spaces. Liposomes have several advantages contributing to drug delivery They have a role enhancing drug solubility [12], serving as a sustained release system [13], providing targeted drug delivery [14], reducing the toxic effect of drugs [15], providing protection against drug degradation [16], enhancing circulation half-life of APIs [17], being effective in overcoming multidrug resistance [18], improving the therapeutic index of the entrapped drug [19], and protecting. APIs against their surrounding environment [20]
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