Abstract
Lipoprotein(a)
Highlights
Corresponding to the LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), the Lp(a) molecule is coated by a layer of simple phospholipids, free cholesterol, and apoproteins
Kringles are characterized by 2–40 repeats creating at least 30 polymorphous isoforms of Apo(a), which are different in terms of size and mass
Number and qualitative composition of kringle domains determine the atherogeneity of Lp(a)
Summary
How much Apo(a) is produced by the liver depends on the LPA gene and its amount remains more or less constant during a person’s lifetime. The analysis should be done before and after menopause, as the Lp(a) level might markedly increase during menopause. It is quite unclear where Lp(a) is produced, most probably on the surface of hepatocytes or in plasma. Other factors are hypothyreosis or an acute phase reaction Lp(a) plasma concentration is controlled by the Lp(a) gene locus; polymorphisms of the Apo(a) kringle IV-2 repeats are responsible for the differences in plasma level. Vogt diovascular risk increases without a given threshold value [16]. ESC recommends a threshold value of
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