Lipoperoxyl Radical Scavenging and Antioxidative Effects of Red Beet Pigments

Abstract

Aerobic life is characterized by a steady formation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, which is almost entirely counteracted by endogenous primary and secondary antioxidant systems. Maintenance of these systems is then imperative to ensure a continuous defense to cells and to avoid conditions known as oxidative stress. Apart from antioxidant vitamins, many compounds from the plant kingdom are now considered very helpful to maintain a proper cell redox balance. Among them, betalain pigments have received recent attention. Betanin (betanidin-5-O-β glucoside) is the main betacyanin from red beet. Redox potential, ability to interact with lipid structures and bioavailability in humans make this molecule a potential natural antioxidant with protective effects in vivo. This review summarizes the peroxyl radical-scavenging activity of the molecule and of its aglycone betanidin, as observed in a few chemical or biological models.