Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: Oleoresin capsicum (OC) is an organic extract from fruits of the genus Capsicum, and has been reported to have an anti-obesity effect.Objective: This study comparatively investigated lipolytic effects of single-layer nanoemulsion (SN) and alginate double-layer nanoemulsion (AN) containing OC in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Methods: SN and AN were compared by analyzing the intracellular lipid accumulation, triglyceride (TG) content, release of free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol, and mRNA expression of genes related to adipogenesis and lipolysis were analyzed in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Results: Compared with SN, AN exhibited higher efficiency in inhibiting the intracellular lipid accumulation and TG content, and enhanced the release of FFAs and glycerol into the medium. In AN-treated cells, mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and the fatty acid-binding protein adipocyte protein-2, which are involved in adipogenesis, were down-regulated, whereas those of genes related to lipolysis, including hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1α, were up-regulated compared with SN-treated cells.Conclusion: The lipolytic effect of AN was greater than that of SN; this was partly associated with the increased TG hydrolysis via induction of lipolytic gene expression and suppression of adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Highlights
Adipocytes play an important role in energy homeostasis
Given that obesity is highly associated with several metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancers [2], it is important for researchers to develop new compounds that effectively catabolize lipids accumulated in the adipocytes
There were no significant differences in the presence of single-layer nanoemulsion (SN) (Figure 2(c))
Summary
Adipocytes play an important role in energy homeostasis. In a condition of energy excess, adipocytes store surplus energy in the form of triglyceride (TG). within the cell, which can lead to obesity [1]. Oleoresin capsicum (OC) is an organic solvent extract from dried ripe fruits of the genus Capsicum [3] It is widely used as a food additive to enhance the taste and shelf-life of food products [4]. It has been shown that red pepper extract and capsaicin have anti-obesity effects in vitro [1,8] and in vivo [9,10]. An ethanol extract of red pepper seed was found to decrease glycerol3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP)-α and C/EBP-β messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in 3T3L1 adipocytes [11]. Methods: SN and AN were compared by analyzing the intracellular lipid accumulation, triglyceride (TG) content, release of free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol, and mRNA expression of genes related to adipogenesis and lipolysis were analyzed in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusion: The lipolytic effect of AN was greater than that of SN; this was partly associated with the increased TG hydrolysis via induction of lipolytic gene expression and suppression of adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
