Abstract
Survivors of childhood cancer are at high risk of developing metabolic diseases in adulthood. Recently, several patients developing partial lipodystrophy following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have been described. In this review, we summarize the cases described so far and discuss potential underlying mechanisms of the disease. The findings suggest that HSCT-associated lipodystrophies may be seen as a novel form of acquired lipodystrophy.
Highlights
Modern treatment strategies in childhood malignancies have tremendously improved patient survival, pediatric cancer patients receiving irradiation and/or chemotherapy in combination with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at high risk of developing endocrinological complications [1,2,3,4]
Metabolic diseases have been diagnosed in the absence of obesity or high body mass index (BMI) [5,10,11,12] and were found associated with total body irradiation (TBI), which is commonly used within the myeloablative conditioning for HSCT [8,10,11]
It becomes obvious that these patients share a common disease pattern, including partial lipodystrophy with fat loss in the extremities and preserved fat depots in the face, neck, and abdomen accompanied by metabolic disease
Summary
Modern treatment strategies in childhood malignancies have tremendously improved patient survival, pediatric cancer patients receiving irradiation and/or chemotherapy in combination with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at high risk of developing endocrinological complications [1,2,3,4]. This generally includes growth failure, hypothyroidism, and gonadal dysfunction [2,3,4]. We aim to summarize all cases described so far and to discuss common risk factors as well as potential underlying mechanisms of the disease
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