Abstract
A lipidomic analysis was conducted to provide the first detailed overview of lipid molecule profiles in response to dietary lipid and taurine and associations of liver lipid-lowering effects of dietary taurine with lipid molecular species and the positional distributions of fatty acids in the liver of juvenile orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides). The results indicated that the liver was more sensitive to varied dietary lipid and taurine contents than the muscle with regard to lipid molecules. A total of 131 differential lipid molecules (DLMs) were observed in the liver of groupers when dietary taurine was increased from 0 to 1% at 15% lipid, among which all the up and down-regulated DLMs are phospholipids (PLs) and triglycerides (TGs), respectively. The liver content of TGs containing 18:2n-6 attached at the sn-2 and sn-3 positions on the glycerol backbone increased with increasing dietary lipid from 10 to 15% but decreased with increasing dietary taurine from 0 to 1%. Therefore, dietary taurine can not only reduce lipid accumulation through decreasing the contents of TGs containing 18:2n-6 at the sn-2 and sn-3 positions but also enhance the anti-inflammatory capacity and health status of groupers. This study will also provide a new insight into the function of taurine in farmed fish.
Highlights
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is rich in animals
This study will provide a new insight into the function of taurine in farmed fish
Dietary taurine addition resulted in a reduction of lipid content in the whole body, muscle, or liver in California yellowtails (Seriola dorsalis) (Garcia-Organista et al, 2019) and rice field eels (Monopterus albus) (Hu et al, 2018), whereas an enhancement of lipid contents in the whole body was reported in turbots (Scophthalmus maximus) (Qi et al, 2012)
Summary
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is rich in animals. It does not participate in protein synthesis because it contains sulfonic acid groups but no carboxyl groups. Taurine is known to play a wide range of key roles in animal physiology, including functions in bile acid conjugation, immune regulation, osmoregulation, antioxidation, nervous system development, and regeneration (Huxtable, 1992; Salze and Davis, 2015; Wu, 2020; Xu et al, 2020) It appears that taurine has a lipid-lowering effect, as demonstrated by the ability of dietary taurine to reduce the lipid contents of tissues in fish (Salze and Davis, 2015; Hu et al, 2018; Garcia-Organista et al, 2019; Martins et al, 2021). Dietary taurine did not affect lipid content in the liver and muscle but reduced the abundance of individual
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