Abstract
Prenatal plus postnatal small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) improved child growth at 18 months in the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements DYAD trial in Ghana. In this secondary outcome analysis, we determined whether SQ-LNS versus prenatal iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation improves the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and alters their lipidomic, proteomic, or glycoproteomic composition in a subset of 80 children at 18 months of age. HDL CEC was higher among children in the SQ-LNS versus IFA group (20.9 ± 4.1 vs 19.4 ± 3.3%; one-tailed p = 0.038). There were no differences in HDL lipidomic or proteomic composition between groups. Twelve glycopeptides out of the 163 analyzed were significantly altered by SQ-LNS, but none of the group differences remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Exploratory analysis showed that 6 out of the 33 HDL-associated proteins monitored differed in glycopeptide enrichment between intervention groups, and 6 out of the 163 glycopeptides were correlated with CEC. We conclude that prenatal plus postnatal SQ-LNS may modify HDL protein glycoprofiles and improve the CEC of HDL particles in children, which may have implications for subsequent child health outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00970866.
Highlights
Inadequate micronutrient intake is common in low- to middleincome countries and is associated with adverse consequences including slower linear growth of children,[1] impaired cognitive development, and diseases in later stages of life.[2]
There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) and iron and folic acid (IFA) groups
apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) was positively associated with change in head circumference zscore (HCZ) (p = 0.035), weight for age z-score (WAZ) (p < 0.001), and weight for length z-score (WLZ) (p < 0.001) from 12 to 18 months. In this secondary outcome analysis of a subgroup of participants in the InternationalLipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS)-DYAD-Ghana study, we explored whether SQ-LNS given to both mothers and their children was related to child High-density lipoprotein (HDL) composition and function at 18 months, and whether these HDL characteristics were associated with growth outcomes
Summary
Inadequate micronutrient intake is common in low- to middleincome countries and is associated with adverse consequences including slower linear growth of children,[1] impaired cognitive development, and diseases in later stages of life.[2]. The functionality of HDL particles is known to be dictated by their composition, including both the lipid and protein components,[15−17] and these components are modifiable by diet.[18,19] We have previously demonstrated that in addition to the proteins and lipids, the glycan components may play an important role in determining the functional capacity of HDL particles.[20,21] Specific components such as ALA, an essential n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, have been shown to improve the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL particles in vitro.[22] We have demonstrated that the glycoprofiles of specific HDL-associated proteins are associated with HDL CEC and can be modified by diet.[21]. In this pilot study and secondary outcome analysis of samples from the iLiNS-DYAD-Ghana trial, we hypothesized that SQ-LNS provided to the mother during pregnancy and the first 6 months postpartum, followed by SQ-LNS provided to the infant from 6 to 18 months of age, would increase HDL CEC by altering HDL lipidomic and glycoproteomic composition
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