Abstract
College-aged women are not meeting weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity to support lipids protecting against cardiovascular disease onset. Participating in organized sport could assist in physical activity engagement and maintenance while positively impacting lipids predicting cardiovascular disease. However, women may be discouraged from participating in sports if they perceive benefits to be mostly seen at the higher competition levels, thus hindering seeking sports involvement at lesser-intensity levels. A total of N = 78 female athletes participating at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (n = 21), National Junior College Athletic Association (n = 29), and student club (n = 28) completed a personal characteristics questionnaire and provided blood samples to compare physical activity involvement and lipid health profiles. Linear regression modeling was used to assess how the independent variables (i.e., sport level, age, systolic blood pressure, race/ethnicity, sport/physical activity involvement hours per week, and years playing sports) on the dependent variables [i.e., total cholesterol, high density lipid (HDL), and total cholesterol-HDL ratio]. Total sample cholesterol 165.7 ± 34.0, HDL 62.8 ± 15.03, and total cholesterol-HDL ratio 2.8 ± 0.6 were all within a healthy recommendation range, along with per sport level. NJCAA sport level significantly predicted lower total cholesterol, p = 0.043, while identifying as Black significantly predicted higher total cholesterol, p = 0.008. Similarly, identifying as Black significantly predicted higher HDL, p = 0.021. Furthermore, increased systolic blood pressure significantly predicted higher total cholesterol-HDL ratios, p = 0.014. Organized sports participation may help meet physical activity requirements, support healthy lipid profiles, and ward off cardiovascular disease development in female college students regardless of competition level.
Highlights
College-aged women in the United States of America (USA) are strongly encouraged to participate in weekly moderate-tovigorous physical activity to support lipids protecting against cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity helps reduce the development of plaque buildup in the arteries by increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, supporting total cholesterol-HDL ratio be below
This study examined college female student-athletes’ lipid profiles participating at different organized sports competition levels
Summary
College-aged women in the United States of America (USA) are strongly encouraged to participate in weekly moderate-tovigorous physical activity to support lipids protecting against cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset. Despite the importance of physical activity’s critical role in supporting lipid health, college women are not meeting weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity recommendations (Pauline, 2013). Pauline (2013) found 47% of college women meeting the weekly vigorous and 17.4% moderate physical activity recommendations, with 20.4% participating in neither vigorous nor moderate exercise. Women had significantly lower exercise coping and scheduling self-efficacy (Pauline, 2013), having less confidence in their ability to engage in or plan for physical activity when confronted with challenging circumstances (i.e., tiredness and rearranging schedule). Lower exercise self-efficacy reduces minutes engaging in physical activity, contributing to poorer lipid health and increased CVD risk
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