Abstract

Lipid profiles measure the amounts of lipids in the blood and usually focus on two primary lipids: cholesterol and triglycerides (<abbrev>TG</abbrev>). Some advanced lipid profiles may also measure the apoprotein amounts in addition to cholesterol and triglycerides. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology related to lipid profiles and lipoprotein tests; discusses the interpretation; reviews the available evidence; and provides clinical pearls from practicing clinicians. A minimal lipid profile reports total cholesterol and <abbrev>TG</abbrev>, only. A standard lipid profile reports total cholesterol and <abbrev>TG</abbrev> as well, but also subdivides by and reports the cholesterol present in three of the lipoproteins: very low-density lipoproteins (<abbrev>VLDL</abbrev>), low-density lipoprotein (<abbrev>LDL</abbrev>), and high-density lipoprotein. It is important to note that the standard lipid profile measures the amount of cholesterol within the lipoproteins and not the actual number of <abbrev>VLDL</abbrev>, <abbrev>HDL</abbrev>, and <abbrev>LDL</abbrev> lipoproteins.

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