Abstract
IntroductionDown syndrome (DS) is associated with various congenital anomalies and metabolic alterations, such as dyslipidemias, that can lead to cardiovascular disease in adulthood. This study was designed to describe the lipid concentrations and the frequency of dyslipidemias in children with DS.Materials and methodsThe sample included 386 patients, 52.4% male. The study was carried out on children with DS, aged 2–18 years old, who were patients at the Mexican National Institute of Pediatrics between May 2016 and June 2017. Their height and weight were recorded, and their serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were determined.ResultsOf the total patients included, 57.5% had some type of dyslipidemia, 32.6% isolated and 24.9% combined. The most common alteration, considering both isolated and combined dyslipidemias, was low HDL, in 45.9%, followed by hypertriglyceridemia, in 26.2%. Among those with combined dyslipidemia, high TG with low HDL-c was the most common, in 17.9%. A significant association was found between dyslipidemia and obesity, as well as between dyslipidemia and central obesity. The percentiles of lipid values are reported.ConclusionThe presence of an unfavorable lipid profile is common in pediatric patients with Down syndrome, especially low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides.
Highlights
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with various congenital anomalies and metabolic alterations, such as dyslipidemias, that can lead to cardiovascular disease in adulthood
A locus has been found in chromosome 21, in the region 21q11, that carries the information for a receptor of very low density lipoproteins, and which probably plays an important role in the control mechanism of lipid metabolism in this group
Our study found a high frequency of dyslipidemia, close to 60%, comparable to the 58.3% found by De la Piedra et al [3] in a group of 218 Chilean children and adolescents with DS
Summary
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with various congenital anomalies and metabolic alterations, such as dyslipidemias, that can lead to cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Down syndrome (DS) is the most common human chromosomopathy, with a frequency of 1 in 700 live births [1]. It is associated with congenital deformities, illnesses, and metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, with a number of studies reporting abnormal lipid concentrations in this population [2,3,4,5]. Given the increasing life expectancy of people with DS, an unfavorable lipid profile can lead to cardiovascular disease in adulthood. There have been no studies on the subject in Mexico; the objective of the current study was to examine
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