Lipid Profile in Peruvian Athletes

Abstract

The active movement of sport improves insulin sensitivity, regulates lipid and glucose metabolism, lowers blood pressure and reduces the incidence of metabolic syndrome [ Myers et al., 2019]. We seek to analyze the lipid profile in high performance athletes. The participants (both sexes) were 326 athletes of ~21.5 years from 11 disciplines of the Peruvian Sports Institute (IPD) – Trujillo Subsidiary and 80 non‐athletes of ~22.2 years. To diagnose the lipid profile, biochemical blood tests were performed on the participants, complying with the pre‐analytical conditions determined. We found a low percentage of high total cholesterol in gymnastics disciplines (~5%) followed by taekwondo (~8.4%), instead the powerlifters show the highest incidence (~ 25%). Nevertheless, a lower percentage of high triglycerides occurs in powerlifting as in rugby (~ 8.4%), while athletics and gymnastics show the highest incidence (~23.5% and ~22.5% respectively). On the other hand, the lowest incidence of high coronary risk was found in taekwondo (~ 13.9%) and Basketball (~15.8%), however the highest percentages were presented by athletics (~23.5%) and gymnastics (~22.5%). When comparing general averages of athletes with non‐athletes; in the first group, the percentages of high cholesterol, triglyceride and coronary risk values were 12.8%, 14.55% and 18.7% respectively, unlike the second group, in the same assessments that were 22.5%, 35% and 32.5% respectively. Among the factors that could have a negative effect on lipid parameters, it would be in consumption of androgenic anabolic steroids, suggesting that users are prone to increased coronary risk [ Mirza and Ahmed., 2014]. However, sports practice is related to normal ranges of lipid profile, even in master athletes [ Bando et al., 2015]. Finally, we consider that those who practice sports are less likely to suffer from dyslipidemias, and therefore develop protection against cardiovascular diseases.Support or Funding InformationAntenor Orrego Private University Percentage Distribution of Elevated Lipid Profile Values in Peruvian Athletes SPORT SEX NUMBER AGE % LIPID PROFILE IN PERUVIAN ATHLETES Total Cholesterol Lipoproteins Triglycerides Coronary risk HDL LDL XTDL Karate F 17 18.3 100 11.8 18.0 11.8 5.9 23.5 29.0 M 17 23.4 100 11.8 18.0 00.0 11.8 11.8 11.8 Average 34 20.9 100 11.8 18 5.9 8.9 17.7 20.4 Volleybal F 18 23.9 100 16.7 27.8 11.1 11.1 16.7 16.7 M 18 22.5 100 11.1 27.8 11.1 00.0 22.2 22.2 Average 36 23.2 100 13.9 27.8 11.1 5.55 19.45 19.45 Soccer M 30 21.7 100 16.7 20.0 13.3 06.7 20.0 16.7 Average 30 21.7 100 16.7 20.0 13.3 06.7 20.0 16.7 Baseball M 32 19.1 100 12.5 21.9 15.6 09.4 15.6 21.9 Average 32 19.1 100 12.5 21.9 15.6 09.4 15.6 21.9 Taekwondo F 18 22.7 100 11.1 27.8 22.2 16.6 16.7 11.1 M 18 20.5 100 05.6 22.2 22.2 11.1 11.1 16.7 Average 36 21.6 100 8.4 25 22.2 13.9 13.9 13.9 Athletics F 17 20.3 100 11.8 23.5 23.5 11.8 23.5 23.5 M 17 19.9 100 11.8 29.4 23.5 05.9 23.5 23.5 Average 34 20.1 100 11.8 26.5 23.5 8.9 23.5 23.5 Coronary risk=Total colesterol:HDL ratio, F=female, M=male Percentage Distribution of Elevated Lipid Profile Values in Peruvian Athletes SPORT SEX NUMBER AGE % LIPID PROFILE IN PERUVIAN ATHLETES Total Cholesterol Lipoproteins Triglycerides Coronary risk HDL LDL VLDL Basketball F 19 23.8 100 15.8 26.3 26.3 15.8 21.0 21.0 M 19 25.0 100 05.3 31.6 15.8 10.5 10.5 10.5 Average 38 24.4 100 10.6 29 21.1 13.2 15.8 15.8 Gymnastics F 20 21.5 100 00.0 25.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 M 20 23.8 100 10.0 30.0 30.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 Average 40 22.7 100 05 27.5 22.5 10 22.5 22.5 Swimming F 11 15.4 100 09.1 18.2 09.1 09.1 09.1 18.2 M 11 19.7 100 09.1 36.4 18.2 09.1 09.1 18.2 Average 22 17.6 100 9.1 27.3 13.7 9.1 9.1 18.2 Rugby F 06 22.9 100 16.7 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 16.7 M 06 21.7 100 16.7 00.0 00.0 00.0 16.7 16.7 Average 12 22.3 100 16.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.4 16.7 Powerlifting F 06 20.9 100 33.3 33.3 16.7 00.0 00.0 16.7 M 06 23.6 100 16.7 16.7 00.0 00.0 16.7 16.7 Average 12 22.3 100 25 25 8.4 0.0 8.4 16.7 Female average 133 21.1 100 14 22.2 15.1 8.9 13.4 18.1 Male average 194 21.9 100 11.6 23.1 13.6 6.8 15.7 17.3 General average 326 21.45 100 12.8 22.65 14.35 7.85 14.55 18.7 Non‐Athletes F 40 21.6 100 25.0 05 10.0 05 30.0 35.0 M 40 22.7 100 20.0 05 15.0 05 40.0 30.0 Average 80 22.15 100 22.5 05 12.5 05 35 32.5