Abstract
Objective: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the major crops widely cultivated for the wine industry, as well as for the production of fresh and dried fruit in Azerbaijan. Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) affects the vines throughout the world and is considered the most economically destructive among all virus and virus-like diseases. Vineyard surveys were conducted to determine the virus infection in the major grapevine growing region of Azerbaijan during 2019-2020. Methods/Statistical analysis: Forty-six samples were collected from grapevine fields and screened by rapid one-step assay AgriStrip and double-antibody sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASELISA). In our study, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), pigments, relative water content (RWC), alterations in the activities of peroxidase enzymes (the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APO), benzidine peroxidase (BPO) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPO) were investigated. Findings: The results revealed that tested samples were infected with Grapevine leafrollassociated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), however, no sample was found infected with other Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses. Changes in the levels of MDA, H2O2, pigments, RWC, alterations in the activities of peroxidase enzymes were studied. Significant reduction in green pigments like chlorophylls (a, b and total) and a gradual reduction in carotenoids were observed in all infected species. Obtained results showed that the level of RWC and the amount of hydrogen peroxide had increased in all infected leaves. The activities of APO, BPO and GPO were observed to increase in virus-infected leaves compared to the healthy control. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the effect of GLRaV-3 was more destructive in the N2 sample. The antioxidant defense system works more effectively in the N5 sample and this plant is more resistant to viral infection. Novelty: These results indicate that GLRaV-3 was the only most prevalent endemic viral pathogen of grapevine in the dominantly warmhumid continental climate of our country. All variable physiological parameters are assessed as the plant’s response to the pathogen. Keywords: activity; chlorophyll; hydrogen peroxide; malondialdehyde; peroxidase; virus disease
Highlights
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the important and valuable plants cultivated from ancient times to nowadays in many countries worldwide
The results revealed that tested samples were infected with GLRaV-3, no sample was found infected with other grapevine leafroll diseases (GLD) viruses
The obtained results showed that viral infection caused an increase in the amount of metabolic compounds such as malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide and a decrease in the amount of photosynthetic pigments
Summary
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the important and valuable plants cultivated from ancient times to nowadays in many countries worldwide. Phytopathogenic viruses, which cause a very wide range of symptoms in diseased plants, moderate host metabolic processes. It leads to major losses in crop yield and its quality. The occurrence of single and mixed viral infections often leads to an exacerbation of the symptoms and crop losses This may be due to the great potential of perennial viruses for molecular variability. GLD is considered a very dangerous infection for wine grapes in the world and causes a variety of contrasting symptoms in red and white-berried grapevine cultivars. Virus-infected plants frequently show mosaic, chlorosis and mottling symptoms systemically on leaves (2) All these changes are highly related to reducing rates of photosynthetic activity, induction of physiological and metabolic changes in grapevine leaves. Symptoms on leaves firstly appear in early to mid-summer and until late autumn, they increase on a large scale (4)
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