Abstract
There is enormous interest in utilizing biologically active fatty acids and monoglycerides to treat phospholipid membrane-related medical diseases, especially with the global health importance of membrane-enveloped viruses and bacteria. However, it is difficult to practically deliver lipophilic fatty acids and monoglycerides for therapeutic applications, which has led to the emergence of lipid nanoparticle platforms that support molecular encapsulation and functional presentation. Herein, we introduce various classes of lipid nanoparticle technology and critically examine the latest progress in utilizing lipid nanoparticles to deliver fatty acids and monoglycerides in order to treat medical diseases related to infectious pathogens, cancer, and inflammation. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding how nanoparticle structure is related to biological function in terms of mechanism, potency, selectivity, and targeting. We also discuss translational opportunities and regulatory needs for utilizing lipid nanoparticles to deliver fatty acids and monoglycerides, including unmet clinical opportunities.
Highlights
Development we critically introduce different examples of lipid nanoparticle tec cellular levels have been recently reviewed elsewhere nologies that have been developed for delivering fatty acids and monoglycerides
The aforementioned examples demonstrate the potential of lipid nanoparticle technologies to deliver biologically active fatty acids and monoglycerides
Platform [97] have revealed new insights into how different fatty acids and monoglycerides interact with membrane structures
Summary
Phospholipid membranes play integral roles in a number of medical diseases related to infectious pathogens [1,2], cancer [3,4], and inflammation [5,6] among various conditions. Fatty acids and monoglycerides are single-chain lipid amphiphiles that possess a hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic headgroup, and can intercalate into phospholipid membranes to trigger membrane disruptions such as solubilization, pore formation, or shape remodeling depending on the context [12] Such membrane-modulating activities have proven useful for exploring fatty acids and monoglycerides, especially those with 6to 12-carbon long, saturated chains, as anti-infective agents to inhibit membrane-enveloped. Practically realizing therapeutic delivery of fattysupport to encapsulate fatty acids and monoglycerides in configurations that acids and monoglycerides callscapacity for thebut development effective high loading permit of retention, or pharmacological even enhancement,strateof membranemodulating biological activities. We cover the latest progress in developing lipid nanoparticle technology to technologies and related nano-carriers involving other lipid-like building blocks, all of deliver biologicallywhich active fatty acids monoglycerides across applications spanning have been used and to encapsulate fatty acids and monoglycerides, and provide infectious diseases,application cancer, and inflammation ascritically well as for small-molecule drug needs delivery examples. We critically discuss some of the biggest needs and unmet opportunities in the field, including areas where we see high translational potential and possible steps to reach these goals
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