Abstract
Simple SummaryDifferent drugs, including antiproliferative and corticosteroids in general, are recommended for the treatment of hyperproliferative skin diseases (HSD). The effectiveness of many of these drugs is limited due to their low solubility in water and low penetration in the skin. The loading of these drugs in lipid nanocarriers, such as lipid nanoparticles and liposomes, has been considered as a successful solution to improve the drug bioavailability through the skin, to control their release kinetics and thus reduce the risk of potential side effects. In this work, we discuss the use of lipid nanocarriers loading drugs against HSD.Hyperproliferative skin diseases (HSD) are a group of diseases that include cancers, pre-cancerous lesions and diseases of unknown etiology that present different skin manifestations in terms of the degree and distribution of the injuries. Anti-proliferative agents used to treat these diseases are so diverse, including 5-aminolevulinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, methotrexate, paclitaxel, podophyllotoxin, realgar, and corticosteroids in general. These drugs usually have low aqueous solubility, which consequently decreases skin permeation. Thus, their incorporation in lipid nanocarriers has been proposed with the main objective to increase the effectiveness of topical treatment and reduce side effects. This manuscript aims to describe the advantages of using lipid nanoparticles and liposomes that can be used to load diversity of chemically different drugs for the treatment of HSD.
Highlights
Hyperproliferative skin diseases (HSD) do not include only the various types of cancers, as previously thought
The use of (NLC), lipid nanocarriers (e.g., solid lipid described as a successful approach to formulate these drugs (Figure for the treatment nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), and liposomes), has been described of aHSD
While the purpose of using lipid nanocarriers to treat HSD is to increase the drug permeation/penetration into deeper skin layers, which is facilitated in diseased skin with compromised stratum corneum, for other topical applications the drug has to remain onto healthy skin with minimal risk of permeating the skin
Summary
Hyperproliferative skin diseases (HSD) do not include only the various types of cancers, as previously thought. The main limitations of these drugs related to their physicochemical properties lipidhinder nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers and liposomes), has been that permeation through the skin [4,5,6]. Over the last few years, many studies have been published focusing on the topical application of lipid nanocarriers, highlighting their ability to load chemically different drugs to improve the bioavailability through the skin, by delivering them via controlled release kinetics, and showing no or low risk of systemic side effects or cytotoxicity [33,34]. The selection of the lipid nanocarrier used in HSD is governed by the type of drug to be loaded (lipophilic versus hydrophilic), as these carriers are produced from biocompatible, biodegradable and biotolerable lipids that do not pose toxicological problems [33,34] This aspect is instrumental for particles used in systemic treatments and in topical treatments. While the purpose of using lipid nanocarriers to treat HSD is to increase the drug permeation/penetration into deeper skin layers, which is facilitated in diseased skin with compromised stratum corneum, for other topical applications (e.g., cosmetics) the drug has to remain onto healthy skin with minimal risk of permeating the skin
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