Abstract
In plants, lipids function in a variety of ways. Lipids are a major component of biological membranes and are used as a compact energy source for seed germination. Fatty acids, the major lipids in plants, are synthesized in plastid and assembled by glycerolipids or triacylglycerols in endoplasmic reticulum. The metabolism of fatty acids and triacylglycerols is well studied in most Arabidopsis model plants by forward and reverse genetics methods. However, research on the diverse functions of lipids in plants, including various crops, has yet to be completed. The papers of this Special Issue cover the core of the field of plant lipid research on the role of galactolipids in the chloroplast biogenesis from etioplasts and the role of acyltransferases and transcription factors involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. This information will contribute to the expansion of plant lipid research.
Highlights
Plant lipids are diverse and essential for cells
Fatty acid is synthesized from chloroplasts, and is directly combined with glycerol to become a galactolipid, a major component of the chloroplast membrane, and fatty acids are transferred to the cytoplasm to bind with glycerol in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to become a phospholipid of the cell membrane [3]
To improve the quality and quantitative traits of plant oil in terms of application, studies on the modification of fatty acid composition and the enhancement of oil content are underway [12,13]. This Special Issue introduces the following: the role of galactolipids during the conversion from etioplast to chloroplast under light conditions; Phospholipase A and its association with lignin metabolism; the roles of GPAT9 and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (PDAT1) involved in TAG synthesis; an integrated review of
Summary
Plant lipids are diverse and essential for cells. They are essential for the integrity of cells and organelles by acting as a hydrophobic barrier for the membrane. The main form of lipid in plants is the glycerolipid in which the carboxyl group of the fatty acid is ester-linked with the hydroxyl group of glycerol. Between the ER membranes of the seed cells, triacylglycerol (TAG) is synthesized and stored in the oil body [4]. Glycerolipid, and triacylglycerol biosynthesis pathways have been identified through genetic analysis using Arabidopsis mutants [6].
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