Abstract
Lipids are molecules with a large structural diversity inserted in various cytological and pathological processes, such as in breast cancer. The knowledge of the metabolic and lipid profiles in breast cancer helps to identify and classify neoplastic and non-neoplastic areas and aids therefore in precise histological diagnosis and in the identification of new promising therapeutic targets. The present study aimed to compare non-neoplastic samples of Sprague-Dawley rat breast lesions to a DMBA chemical carcinogenesis model via DESI-MS imaging. The model Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the carcinogen compound DMBA, and frozen mammary samples with or without tumors were imaged. The developed ductal carcinomas showed indeed contrasting lipid relative abundances as compared to non-neoplastic breast tissue. Most lipids belong to the fatty acyl family, and were detected in greater abundance in the non-neoplastic cancer samples. The lipid ion of m/z 336 was observed only in the neoplastic areas. This is the first study that demonstrates changes in lipid profile of mammary tumors in rats treated with DMBA, and the promising results seems to encourage and serve as a guide for further lipidomic studies regarding breast cancer.
Highlights
Penile erection is a neurovascular event dependent on cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation and elevation of local flux of blood [1,2]
In Crotalus corpus cavernosum (CCC), the Electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced relaxation is not affected by TTX [10], indicating the possible presence of a TTXinsensitive sodium channel
Similar results were obtained with another tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, 3-iodo-Ltyrosine (1 mM) in CCC (10.03 ± 2.62 mN; 11.49 ± 4.18 mN for 8 Hz and 15.26 ± 3.53 mN; 15.4 ± 6.6 mN for 16 Hz; n = 4) and in rabbit corpora cavernosa (RbCC) (1.63 ± 0.22 mN; 2.84 ± 0.55 mN for 8 Hz; 3.01 ± 0.44 mN; 5.26 ± 0.35 for 16 Hz; n = 3)
Summary
Penile erection is a neurovascular event dependent on cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation and elevation of local flux of blood [1,2]. The main physiological component involved in the detumescent state is the liberation of catecholamine by adrenergic nerves, inducing cavernosal muscle contraction. Nitric oxide (NO) is the major component responsible for initiating and maintaining the tumescent state, by promoting cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation [3,4,5]. Sodium voltage-gated channels (VGSC) are important ion channels involved in nerve depolarization [6]. Treatment with tetrodotoxin (TTX) or other inhibitors of VGSC abolishes the nitrergic relaxation induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in rabbit, monkey and human corpora cavernosa preparations [7,8,9]. In Crotalus corpus cavernosum (CCC), the EFS-induced relaxation is not affected by TTX [10], indicating the possible presence of a TTXinsensitive sodium channel. The purpose of this study was to characterize the transmural EFSinduced contractions in CCC
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