Lipid‐lowering therapy in the treatment of massive hard exudates in type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Aims/Purpose: Today there is no approved medical therapy for hard macular exudates in diabetes and unfortunately this pathology often leads to significant visual loss. Purpose of our study was to assess whether long‐term lipid‐lowering therapy with fenofibrate could reduce the number and extension of massive macular exudates in Type 1 diabetes patients.Methods: There were 46 (92 eyes) Type 1 diabetes persons (18–42 years) with diabetic maculopathy and massive hard exudates included in this study. HbA1C ranging from 6% to 9%. The mean visual acuity was 0.3 ± 0.1. Patients were divided into two groups: main (22 person) and control (24 person). Exclusion criteria: patients on lipid‐lowering drugs, oral contraceptive pills, hormone replacement therapy, pregnant woman, familial hypercholesterolemia, hypothyroidism, chronic liver and kidney disease. All patients in the main group received fenofibrate 145 mg once a day for 8 months, patients in control group had conventional therapy. All patients had undergone standard ophthalmological examination, fundus photos and OCT scanning on presentation and during follow‐up visits. Patients were followed at 2, 6, 12 and 18 months after the start of the treatment.Results: In the main group anatomic result expressed by the reduction of number and extension of hard exudates, decrease in central retinal thickness was achieved in 77% of patients (17 patients, 34 eyes). Central retinal thickness in the main group decreased from mean 392 mkm to 255 mkm ± 30 mkm. Good functional result was achieved in 64% of patients (28 eyes), where visual acuity increased from 0.3 to 0.5 ± 0.1. This effect was stable for the whole follow‐up period. In the control group 74% of patients had no anatomic neither functional changes. In 15% of patients mean visual acuity slightly improved from 0.3 to 0.4 ± 0.05 with decrease in central retinal thickness from mean 386 mkm to 320 mkm ± 30 mkm due to better compensation of the main disease. In 15% the number and extension of hard exudates increased with further vision deterioration. No fenofibrate side effects were noticed in either group.Conclusions: Fenofibrate in Type 1 diabetic patients diminishes number of macular hard exudates, reduces macular oedema, improves visual acuity with stable effect over the time.