Abstract
Objective. This study was aimed to determine the effect of Anethum graveolens extract and Anethum graveolens (dill) tablet on lipid profile, liver enzymes, and gene expression and enzymatic activity of HMG-CoA reductase in high cholesterol fed hamsters. Materials and Methods. Golden Syrian male hamsters (130 ± 10 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6) and received daily the following: group 1 received chow + 2% cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid (HCD), groups 2 and 3 received HCD diet plus 100 and 200 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of dill, respectively, and groups 4 and 5 received HCD diet plus 100 and 200 mg/kg dill tablet, respectively. Group 6 received only chow. After 1 month feeding serum biochemical factors were determined. HMG-CoA reductase mRNA level was measured (real-time PCR) and its activity was determined spectrophotometrically. Results. Compared with hypercholesterolemic group 1, lipid profile, blood glucose, and liver enzymes significantly decreased in all dill tablet or dill extract treated groups (p < 0.05). The changes in HMG-CoA reductase gene expression level and enzyme activity significantly reduced in animals that received 200 mg/kg of extract or tablet. Conclusion. Dill extract and dill tablet showed potential hypocholesterolemic properties in hamsters by inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity.
Highlights
Hypercholesterolemia is a common disorder which is known as main cause of coronary heart disease (CHD) [1]
Statins are the effective hypocholesterolemic drugs which competitively inhibit the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis [4]
These analyses showed that high cholesterol diet reduced HMG-CoA reductase gene expression compared to normal group
Summary
Hypercholesterolemia is a common disorder which is known as main cause of coronary heart disease (CHD) [1]. One of the useful and well-known plants is Anethum graveolens L., commonly known as a dill, an annual plant growing in Europe, Mediterranean region, and Asia [6]. In traditional medicine, this plant has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorder including indigestion, flatulence, and stomacha colic and for its antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic, antisecretory, mucosal protective, and hypoglycemic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effects of the dill in high cholesterol fed hamsters and to determine gene expression level and enzymatic activity of HMG-CoA reductase in liver
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