Lipid Emulsion Recommendations

Abstract

To the Editor: We read with interest the work of Ruan et al. 1in the February 2012 issue of ANESTHESIOLOGY; the article explored the effect of both triglyceride chain length and pH modulation on lipid sequestration of cardiotoxic local anesthetics in human serum in vitro . The authors are to be lauded for their efforts to expound the physicochemical interaction known widely as the “sink,” purported to be primarily responsible for the beneficial effects demonstrated in animal models and human subjects suffering local anesthetic systemic toxicity. Their results in many respects epitomize the difficulties associated with forwarding a therapy such as lipid rescue – itself a product of a chance laboratory observation, when definitive knowledge of mechanistic action for lipid remains to be fully elucidated.Ruan et al. demonstrated the superiority of mixed medium and long-chain triglyceride preparations in sequestration of lipophilioc local anesthetics, seemingly independent of pH, when compared with long-chain triglyceride in in vitro human serum. These results, nevertheless, conflict with the findings of Li et al. 2(from the December 2011 issue of ANESTHESIOLOGY), who demonstrated advantages with long-chain triglycerides in an intact animal model. The observed disparity in outcomes between such bench-top and whole animal experiments was discussed expertly in an accompanying editorial.3Although the advancement of any therapy is necessarily paved with conjecture and discourse, such as evidenced in microcosm with these two papers, conclusions drawn from such work must be tempered against the findings of prior investigators' and the associated relevant (and, in the case of lipid therapy, substantial) bodies of work. It is therefore concerning that in their concluding remarks Ruan et al. “call into question the current advanced cardiac life support guidelines specifying use of a long-chain triglyceride emulsion” in local anesthetic systemic toxicity on the basis of their findings alone, before the existence of a body of work supporting alternative lipid emulsion preparations as clearly superior. The work of Ruan et al. clearly represents one step of many in the evolution of lipid emulsion therapy. Their results, however, are insufficient to alter current recommendations4for lipid infusion in local anesthetic systemic toxicity.