Abstract
ABSTRACTThe oils obtained from three Indonesian avocado (Persea americana) cultivars namely Merah bundar, Ijo bundar and Ijo panjang, were compared to the oils obtained from imported Fuerte and Shepard avocado varieties in terms of lipid characteristics and tocopherol content. The oils of all avocado varieties existed in a semisolid form, except that of the Fuerte variety. Free fatty acids and peroxide levels in the oils obtained from locally grown avocado were lower than the levels in the oils obtained from imported avocados, implying that local avocado oils have a better oxidative stability. Interestingly, the tocopherol (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) content of local avocado oils was also much higher than that of imported avocado oils. Meanwhile, differences in the FTIR spectrum of avocado oils were found at frequencies of 1034 and 968 cm−1. There were also some differences in the fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of avocado oils. Due to these differences, the physicochemical characteristics and the solidification and thermal profiles of the oils obtained from local avocado cultivars were completely different from those of the imported avocado varieties (Fuerte and Shepard).
Highlights
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) belongs to the Lauraceae family
The oil obtained from the local avocado cultivars and the Shepard variety was semisolid, whereas the oil obtained from the Fuerte variety was almost liquid at room temperature
The slip melting point (SMP) value of the avocado oils obtained from local cultivars was found to be higher than that of the oils obtained from imported avocado varieties (Table 1)
Summary
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [1], Mexico (1,107,140 tons), Chile (300,000 tons), the Dominican Republic (288,684 tons), and Indonesia (224,278 tons) are the leading countries in the production of avocado fruits. Countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, and the Dominican Republic do not export the avocados. The avocado fruit became popular after the inauguration of the “Es Teller 77” food stall in several big cities in Indonesia. In addition to its use in food preparation, avocado is used as a medicine for stomachache by the local people.[2]
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