Lipid bodies in innate immune response to bacterial and parasite infections

Abstract

Lipid bodies (also known as lipid droplets, adiposomes) are dynamic organelles with key roles in regulating storage and turnover of lipids in different cells and organisms. The emerging role of lipid bodies as inflammatory organelles raises lipid body status to critical regulators of different inflammatory and infectious diseases and key markers of cell activation. Notably, lipid body biogenesis is highly regulated and is cell and stimuli specific. Lipid body structural features, including lipid and protein composition may vary according to the cell type, activation state and inflammatory environment and thus may determine different cellular functions for lipid bodies. Here we will review the morphological and structural aspects of lipid bodies, the regulated mechanisms of formation, as well as lipid body functions in cells involved in the innate immune response during bacterial and parasite infections.