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Abstract
Many therapeutically active molecules are non-soluble in aqueous systems, chemically and biologically fragile or present severe side effects. Lipid-based nanoparticle (LBNP) systems represent one of the most promising colloidal carriers for bioactive organic molecules. Their current application in oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment by improving the antitumor activity of several chemotherapeutic agents. LBNPs advantages include high temporal and thermal stability, high loading capacity, ease of preparation, low production costs, and large-scale industrial production since they can be prepared from natural sources. Moreover, the association of chemotherapeutic agents with lipid nanoparticles reduces active therapeutic dose and toxicity, decreases drug resistance and increases drug levels in tumor tissue by decreasing them in healthy tissue. LBNPs have been extensively assayed in in vitro cancer therapy but also in vivo, with promising results in some clinical trials. This review summarizes the types of LBNPs that have been developed in recent years and the main results when applied in cancer treatment, including essential assays in patients.
Highlights
Cancer nanotechnology as a way of anticancer drug delivery has been developed as a promising cancer treatment [1]
Nanoparticles have emerged as a new opportunity, since they are able to be addressed to a target, display a controlled release of their load, increase half-life time in blood plasma, decrease the side effects caused by chemotherapeutic agents, which include systemic toxicity, and decrease the off-target distribution, or improve the accumulation of the drug at the tumor site [40,46]
Lipid-based nanoparticle (LBNP) constitute a diverse and extensive group that has been used in the treatment of numerous pathologies, mainly in cancer
Summary
Cancer nanotechnology as a way of anticancer drug delivery has been developed as a promising cancer treatment [1]. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have received great attention in drug discovery and cancer treatment. Lipid nanosystems can include chemical modifications to avoid the detection by the immune system (gangliosides or polyethylene glycol (PEG)) or to improve the solubility of the drug. They can be prepared in formulations sensitive to the pH in order to promote drug release in an acid environment, and can be associated with antibodies that recognize tumor cells or their receptors (such as folic acid (FoA)) [5]. This review highlights the main contributions to LBNPs that have been developed in recent years and applied in cancer treatment, including essential assays in patients
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